September 20, 2024 | Prevention of Illness and Management of Chronic Conditions
Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among men, affecting millions worldwide. Understanding who is at risk, recognizing the signs, and knowing when to seek screening can make a significant difference in outcomes. Here’s what you need to know about prostate cancer.
Who gets prostate cancer?
Prostate cancer primarily affects men, particularly those over the age of 50. The risk increases with age, making it a significant concern for older adults. It is less common in men under 40, but the likelihood rises sharply after the age of 50.
Signs and symptoms
In its early stages, prostate cancer may not show any symptoms. However, as it progresses, it can manifest through various signs, including:
- Difficulty starting urination or holding back urine
- Weak or interrupted flow of urine
- Frequent urination, especially at night
- Pain or burning during urination
- Blood in urine or semen
- Painful ejaculation
- Frequent pain or stiffness in the lower back, hips, or upper thighs
If you experience any of these symptoms, contact your doctor right away.
Risk factors for prostate cancer
Several factors can increase the risk of developing prostate cancer:
- Age: The risk increases significantly as men age.
- Family history: Men with a father or brother who has had prostate cancer are twice as likely to develop it.
- Race: Black men have a higher risk of prostate cancer than men who are not Black. They are also more likely to develop aggressive forms of the disease.
- Lifestyle: Diet, obesity, and smoking can also influence the risk of prostate cancer.
Screening and evaluation
Screening for prostate cancer is crucial because it can detect the disease at an early stage, even before symptoms appear. The main tests include:
- Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test: This blood test measures the level of PSA, a substance naturally produced by the prostate gland. Elevated PSA levels may suggest the presence of prostate cancer.
- Digital rectal exam (DRE): During this exam, a doctor feels the prostate through the rectal wall to check for any abnormalities.
When to be screened
The American Cancer Society recommends that men make an informed decision with their health care provider about whether to be screened for prostate cancer. The general guidelines suggest:
- Men at average risk should begin discussion about screening at age 50.
- Men at high risk, including Black men and those with a first-degree relative diagnosed with prostate cancer before age 65, should begin discussing screening at age 45.
- Men at even higher risk, with more than one first-degree relative who had prostate cancer at an early age, should start talking about screening at age 40.
Awareness and early action are your best defenses against this disease. It not only increases the chances of successful treatment, but also provides more options for management of the disease. If you fall into one of the risk categories or start experiencing symptoms, don’t hesitate to talk to your health care provider about prostate cancer screening. Windward’s Aging Life Care Managers can assist with health care advocacy and care coordination.